[Emerging Infectious Diseases * Volume 3 * Number 3 * July - September 1997] Perspectives * Recombination in HIV: An Important Viral Evolutionary Strategy, D.S. Burke * Host Genes and HIV: The Role of the Chemokine Receptor Gene CCR5 and Its Allele (delta 32CCR5), J.M. McNicholl, D.K. Smith, S.H. Qari, and T. Hodge * Resistance, Remission, and Qualitative Differences in HIV Chemotherapy, D.E. Kirschner and G.F. Webb * Emerging Foodborne Diseases, S.F. Altekruse, M.L. Cohen, and D.L. Swerdlow * DDT, Global Strategies, and a Malaria Control Crisis in South America, D.R. Roberts, L.L. Laughlin, P. Hsheih, and L.J. Legters * Emerging and Reemerging Helminthiases and the Public Health of China, P.J. Hotez, Feng Zheng, Xu Long-qi, Chen Ming-gang, Xiao Shu-hua, Liu Shu-xian, D. Blair, D.P. McManus, and G.M. Davis Synopses * Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Outside the Health-Care Setting: Prevalence, Sources, and Public Health Implications, L.C. McDonald, M.J. Kuehnert, F.C. Tenover, and W.R. Jarvis * Flea-borne Rickettsioses: Ecologic Considerations, A.F. Azad, S. Radulovic, J.A. Higgins, B.H. Noden, and J.M. Troyer * Aedes albopictus in the United States: Ten-Year Presence and Public Health Implications, C.G. Moore and C.J. Mitchell * Using a Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Efficacy of TB Control Measures, L. Gammaitoni and M.C. Nucci * Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans, J.A. Richt, I. Pfeuffer, M. Christ, K. Frese, K.Bechter, and S. Herzog Dispatches * Deer Ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and the Agents of Lyme Disease and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in a New York City Park , T.J. Daniels, R.C. Falco, I. Schwartz, S. Varde, and R.G. Robbins * Jail Fever (Epidemic Typhus) Outbreak in Burundi, D. Raoult, V. Roux, J.B. Ndihokubwayo, G. Bise, D. Baudon, G. Martet, and R. Birtles * Hantavirus Transmission in the United States, R.M. Wells, J. Young, R.J. Williams, L.R.Armstrong, K. Busico, A.S. Khan, T.G. Ksiazek, P.E. Rollin, S.R. Zaki, S.T. Nichol, and C.J. Peters * Population Dynamics of the Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and Sin Nombre Virus, California Channel Islands, T.B. Graham and B.B. Chomel * Emerging Quinolone-Resistant Salmonella in the United States, H. Herikstad, P. Hayes, M. Mokhtar, M.L. Fracaro, E.J. Threlfall, and F.J. Angulo * Multidrug-Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Associated with Persistent Diarrhea in Kenyan Children, W.K. Sang, J.O. Oundo, J.K. Mwituria, P.G. Waiyaki, M. Yoh, T. Iida, and T. Honda * Molecular Epidemiologic Investigations of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Conjunctivitis in Songbirds by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analyses, D.H. Ley, J.E. Berkhoff, and S. Levisohn * Reevaluating the Molecular Taxonomy: Is Human-Associated Cyclospora a Mammalian Eimeria Species? N.J. Pieniazek and B.L. Herwaldt * Rapid Increase in the Prevalence of Metronidazole-Resistant Helicobacter pylori in the Netherlands, E.J. van der Wouden, A.A. van Zwet, J.C. Thijs, G.D.C. Vosmaer, J.A.J. Oom, A. de Jong, and J.H. Kleibeuker * An Increase in Hookworm Infection Temporally Associated With Ecologic Change, B. Lilley, P. Lammie, J. Dickerson, and M. Eberhard * Using Laboratory-Based Surveillance Data for Prevention: An Algorithm for Detecting Salmonella Outbreaks, L.C. Hutwagner, E.K. Maloney, N.H. Bean, L. Slutsker, and S.M. Martin Commentaries * Host Genes and HIV Infection: Implications and Applications, R.A. Kaslow * Controversies in the Management of Cysticercosis, C. Evans, H.H. Garcia, R.H.Gilman, and J.S. Friedland Letters * Paratyphoid Fever due to Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi A, A. Kapil, S. Sood, V.P. Reddaiah, B. Das, and P. Seth * MHC and Infectious Diseases, V.S. Sloan * Reply to V.S. Sloan, N. Singh * Acute Epiglottitis due to Pasteurella multocida in an Adult without Animal Exposure, M. Glickman and R.S. Klein * Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Surveillance to Monitor Trends in Infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli, B.E. Mahon, P.M. Griffin, P.S. Mead, and R.V. Tauxe Book Review * Virus Hunter, N. Nathanson News and Notes * Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 * Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Persons * Erratum [About EID] Emerging Infectious Diseases is indexed in Index Medicus/Medline, Current Contents, and several other electronic databases. Emerging Infectious Diseases is part of CDC's plan for combatting emerging infectious diseases; the plan is outlined in a recently published document, Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats--A Prevention Strategy for the United States. One of the main goals of CDC's plan is to enhance communication of public health information about emerging diseases so that prevention measures can be implemented without delay. Emerging Infectious Diseases is peer reviewed and will be providing information on emerging infections in three broad categories: 1) Perspectives, a section addressing factors that underlie disease emergence including microbial adaptation and change, human demographics and behavior, technology and industry, economic development and land use, international travel and commerce, and breakdown of public health measures; 2) Synopses, concise, state-of-the-art summaries of specific diseases or syndromes and related emerging infectious disease issues; 3) Dispatches, brief laboratory or epidemiologic reports with an international scope. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Editors Editor Joseph E. McDade, Ph.D., National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA Perspectives Editor Stephen S. Morse, Ph.D.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA Synopses Editor Phillip J. Baker, Ph.D., Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Dispatches Editor Stephen Ostroff, M.D., National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Managing Editor Polyxeni Potter, M.A., National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Liaison Representatives Anthony I. Adams, M.D., Chief Medical Adviser, Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra, Australia David Brandling-Bennett, M.D., Deputy Director, Division of Communicable Diseases, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization Washington, D.C., USA Gail Cassell, Ph.D., Liaison to American Society for Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, USA Thomas M. Gomez. D.V.M.,M.S., Staff Epidemiologist U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Riverdale, Maryland, USA Richard A. Goodman, M.D., M.P.H., Editor, MMWR, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Joseph Losos, M.D., Director General, Laboratory Center for Disease Control Ontario, Canada Gerald L. Mandell, M.D., Liaison to Infectious Diseases Society of America, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA William J. Martone, M.D., Senior Executive Director National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Bethesda, Maryland, USA Phillip P. Mortimer, M.D., Director, Virus Reference Division Central Public Health Laboratory London, United Kingdom Robert Shope, M.D., Director, Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Natalya B. Sipachova, M.D., Ph.D. Scientific Editor Russian Republic Information & Analytic Centre Moscow, Russia Bonnie Smoak, M.D. U.S. Army Medical Research Unit—Kenya Unit 64109 Box 401 APO AE 09831-4109 Robert Swanepoel, B.V.Sc., Ph.D., Head, Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, Sandrinham 2131, South Africa Roberto Tapia-Conyer, M.D. Dirección General de Epidemiología Secretaría de Salud México --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Editorial and Computer Support Editing and Production Beatrice T. Divine, M.B.A. Teresa M. Hood, M.S. Editorial Assistance Maria T. Brito P. Lynne Stockton, D.V.M. Electronic Distribution Carol Y. Crawford, MPA Rachna Dube, Ph.D. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Electronic Journal Citation Style Suggested citation for advance dispatches and for journal articles in ascii or html files: Example Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Emerging Infectious Diseases Emerging Infectious Diseases is published four times a year by the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-3967, fax 404-639-3039, e-mail eideditor@cdc.gov. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of CDC or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is appreciated. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid free paper that meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Electronic Access to Emerging Infectious Diseases If you have Internet access, you can retrieve the journal electronically on the World-Wide Web (WWW), through file transfer protocol (FTP), or by electronic mail (e-mail). The journal is available in three file formats: ASCII, Adobe Acrobat (.pdf), and PostScript (.ps). The ASCII version does not contain figures. Both the .pdf and .ps files, however, contain graphics and figures and are true representations of the hard copy of the journal. The Adobe Acrobat format requires an Adobe Reader, which is available free of charge from CDC in DOS, Windows, UNIX, and Macintosh versions. WWW and FTP: Access the journal at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm or from the CDC home page (http://www.cdc.gov). You can also download it through anonymous FTP at ftp.cdc.gov. The files can be found in the directory pub/EID. LISTSERVer (e-mail lists): To have the table of contents automatically sent to your e-mail box, subscribe to the EID-TOC mailing list. You can then obtain individual articles on WWW or through FTP, or you can request copies by e-mail. To receive the entire journal in ASCII format. Subscribe to the EID-ASCII mailing list. To subscribe to a list, contact listserv@cdc.gov with the following in the body of your message: subscribe listname (e.g., subscribe EID-TOC). [Instructions to Authors] Editorial Policy and Call for Articles Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed journal established expressly to promote the recognition of new and reemerging infectious diseases and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. EID has an international scope and is intended for professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, and public health as well as from specialists in economics, demography, sociology, and other disciplines. Inquiries about the suitability of proposed articles may be directed to the editor at 404-639-3967 (telephone), 404-639-3039 (fax), or eideditor@cdc.gov (e-mail). EID is published in English and features three types of articles: Perspectives, Synopses, and Dispatches. The purpose and requirements of each type of article are described in detail below. Spanish translations of some articles can be accessed at (ftp://fcv.medvet.unlp.edu.ar). Articles by authors from non-English-speaking countries can be made simultaneously available in English and in the author's native language (electronic version of the journal only). Articles published in this way are translated from English into the author's native language and appear in the same issue of the journal. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Instructions to Authors Manuscripts should be prepared according to the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (Ann Intern Med 1997:126-36-47). Begin each of the following sections on a new page and in this order: title page, abstract, text, acknowledgments, references, each table, figure legends, and figures. On the title page, give complete information about each author (full names and highest degree). Give current mailing address for correspondence (include fax number and e-mail address). Follow Uniform Requirements style for references. Consult List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus for accepted journal abbreviations. Tables and figures should be numbered separately (each beginning with 1) in the order of mention in the text. Double-space everything, including the title page, abstract, references, tables, and figure legends. Italicize scientific names of organisms from species name all the way up, except for vernacular names (viruses that have not really been speciated, such as coxsackievirus and hepatitis B; bacterial organisms, such as pseudomonads, salmonellae, and brucellae). All articles will be reviewed by independent reviewers. The Editor reserves the right to edit articles for clarity and to modify the format to fit the publication style of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Documents sent in hardcopy should also be sent on diskette, or by e-mail. Acceptable electronic formats for text are ASCII, WordPerfect, AmiPro, DisplayWrite, MS Word, MultiMate, Office Writer, WordStar, or Xywrite. Send graphics documents in Corel Draw, Harvard Graphics, Freelance, .TIF (TIFF), .GIF (CompuServe), .WMF (Windows Metafile), .EPS (Encapsulated Postscript), or .CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile). The preferred font for graphics files is Helvetica. If possible, convert Macintosh files into one of the suggested formats. Submit photographs in glossy, camera-ready photographic prints. Send all manuscripts and correspondence to the Editor, Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, or by e-mail to eideditor@cdc.gov. Perspectives: Contributions to the Perspectives section should provide insightful analysis and commentary about new and reemerging infectious diseases or related issues. Perspectives may also address factors known to influence the emergence of infectious diseases, including microbial adaption and change; human demographics and behavior; technology and industry; economic development and land use; international travel and commerce; and the breakdown of public health measures. Articles should be approximately 3,500 words and should include references, not to exceed 40. Use of additional subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. Photographs and illustrations are optional. Provide a short abstract (150 words) and a bri ef biographical sketch. Synopses: Submit concise reviews of infectious diseases or closely related topics. Preference will be given to reviews of new and emerging diseases; however, timely updates of other diseases or topics are also welcome. Synopses should be approximately 3,500 words and should include references, not to exceed 40. Use of subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. Photographs and illustrations are encouraged. Provide a short abstract (150 words) and a brief biographical sketch. Dispatches: Provide brief updates on trends in infectious diseases or infectious disease research. Dispatches (1,000 to 1,500 words of text) should be in a letter to the editor format and should not be divided into sections. Dispatches should begin with a brief introductory statement about the relationship of the topic to the emergence of infectious diseases. Provide references, not to exceed 10, and figures or illustrations, not to exceed two. To expedite publication of information of a more urgent nature, we post the journal's dispatches on the Internet as soon as they are cleared and edited. As soon as the full issue is completed, these dispatches become part of the issue. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------