Editors Editor Joseph E. McDade, Ph.D. National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia, USA Perspectives Editor Stephen S. Morse, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University New York, New York, USA Synopses Editor Phillip J. Baker, Ph.D. Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland, USA Dispatches Editor Stephen Ostroff, M.D. National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia, USA Managing Editor Polyxeni Potter, M.A. National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia, USA Editorial and Computer Support Emerging Infectious Diseases receives editorial and computer support from the Office of Planning and Health Communication, National Center for Infectious Diseases. Editorial Support Maria T. Brito Beatrice T. Divine, M.B.A. Sharon D. Hoskins Anne D. Mather Carol D. Snarey, M.A. Production Beverly J. Holland Electronic Distribution Carol Y. Crawford Wendell Ramirez Cheryl G. Shapiro, M.S. Liaison Representatives Anthony I. Adams, M.D. Chief Medical Adviser Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health Canberra, Australia David Brandling-Bennett, M.D. Deputy Director Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization Washington, D.C., USA Gail Cassell, Ph.D. Liaison to American Society for Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, USA Richard A. Goodman, M.D., M.P.H. Editor Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia, USA William Hueston, D.V.M., Ph.D Acting Leader, Center for Animal Health Monitoring Centers for Epidemiology and Animal HealthVeterinary Services, Animal and PlantHealth Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, Colorado, USA James LeDuc, Ph.D. Advisor for Arboviral Diseases Division of Communicable Diseases World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Joseph Losos, M.D. Director General Laboratory Center for Disease Control Ontario, Canada Gerald L. Mandell, M.D. Liaison to Infectious Diseases Society of America University of Virginia Medical Center Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Robert Shope, M.D. Director, Yale Arbovirus Research Unit Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, USA Bonnie Smoak, M.D. Chief, Dept of Epidemiology Division of Preventive Medicine Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington, D.C., USA Robert Swanepoel, B.V.Sc., Ph.D. Head, Special Pathogens Unit National Institute for Virology Sandrinham 2131, South Africa Roberto Tapia, M.D. Director General de Epidemiología Dirección General de Epidemiología Secretaría de Salud México Morag Timbury, M.D. Director Central Public Health Laboratory London, United Kingdom Emerging Infectious Diseases Emerging Infectious Diseases is published four times a year by the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road., Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-3967, fax 404-639-3039, e-mail eideditor@cidod1.em.cdc.gov. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of CDC or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is appreciated. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Electronic Access to Emerging Infectious Diseases If you have Internet access, you can retrieve the journal electronically through file transfer protocol (FTP), electronic mail, or World-Wide Web (WWW). The journal is available in three file formats: ASCII, Adobe Acrobat (.pdf), and PostScript (.ps). The ASCII version of the journal does not contain figures. Both the .pdf and .ps files, however, contain graphics and figures and are true representations of the hard copy of the journal. The Adobe Acrobat format requires an Adobe Reader. This reader is available in DOS, Windows, UNIX, and Macintosh versions. Installation instructions come with the Adobe software. Access Methods FTP: Download the journal through anonymous FTP at ftp.cdc.gov. The files can be found in the pub/EID directory in each of the file types listed above. WWW: Launch WWW browser for the Internet and connect to the following address: http://www. cdc.gov. Your WWW software will allow you to view, print, and retrieve journal articles. LISTSERVer (e-mail lists): You may have the table of contents sent to your e-mail box by subscribing to the EID-TOC mailing list. When you subscribe to this list, you automatically receive the table of contents and will be able to receive individual journal articles by FTP or e-mail. If you chose to receive the entire journal, you may subscribe to one of three other lists. EID-ASCII sends the journal in ASCII format. EID-PDF sends the journal in Adobe Acrobat format. You can get the free Adobe Acrobat Reader by subscribing to the list. EID-PS sends the journal in PostScript format. However, because of the large file sizes and the complexity of sending the journal to different e-mail systems, it is strongly recommended that if you have FTP capabilities, you chose to access EID through FTP rather than by e-mail lists. To subscribe to a list, send an e-mail to lists@list.cdc.gov with the following in the body of your message: subscribe listname (e.g., subscribe EID-ASCII). Once you have requested a subscription, you will receive further instructions by e-mail. For more information about receiving Emerging Infectious Diseases electronically, send an e-mail to eidhelp@cidod1.em.cdc.gov. Editorial Policy and Call for Articles The goals of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) are to promote the recognition of new and reemerging infectious diseases and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. EID has an international scope and is intended for professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, and public health as well as from specialists in economics, demography, sociology, and other disciplines whose study elucidates the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases. EID will be published in English and will feature three types of articles: Perspectives, Synopses, and Dispatches. The purpose and requirements of each type of article are described in detail below. Instructions to Authors Editorial Material: Manuscripts should be prepared according to the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (JAMA 1993:269[17]: 2282-6). Begin each of the following sections on a new page and in this order: title page, abstract, text, acknowledgments, references, each table, figure legends, and figures. On the title page, give complete information about each author (full names and highest degree). Give current mailing address for correspondence (include fax number and e-mail address). Follow Uniform Requirements style for references. Consult List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus for accepted journal abbreviations. Tables and figures should be numbered separately (each beginning with 1) in the order of mention in the text. Double-space everything, including the title page, abstract, references, tables, and figure legends. Italicize scientific names of organisms from species name all the way up, except for vernacular names (viruses that have not really been speciated, such as coxsackievirus and hepatitis B; bacterial organisms, such as pseudomonads, salmonellae, and brucellae). Perspectives: Contributions to the Perspectives section should address factors known to influence the emergence of infectious diseases, including microbial adaption and change; human demographics and behavior; technology and industry; economic development and land use; international travel and commerce; and the breakdown of public health measures. Articles should be approximately 3,500 words and should include references, not to exceed 40. The section should begin with an introduction outlining the relationship of the issues discussed in the paper to the emergence of infectious diseases. Use of additional subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. Photographs and illustrations are optional. Provide a short abstract (150 words) and a brief biographical sketch. Synopses: Submit concise reviews of infectious diseases or closely related topics. Preference will be given to reviews of new and emerging diseases; however, timely updates of other diseases or topics are also welcome. Synopses should be approximately 3,500 words and should include references, not to exceed 40. The section should begin with an introduction outlining the relationship of the issues discussed in the paper to the emergence of infectious diseases. Use of additional subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. Photographs and illustrations are optional. Provide a short abstract (150 words) and a brief biographical sketch. Dispatches: Provide brief updates on trends in infectious diseases or infectious disease research. Dispatches (1,000 to 1,500 words of text) should not be divided into sections. Dispatches should begin with a brief introductory statement about the relationship of the topic to the emergence of infectious diseases. Provide references, not to exceed 10; and figures or illustrations, not to exceed two. All articles will be reviewed by independent reviewers. The Editor reserves the right to edit articles for clarity and to modify the format to fit the publication style of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Send documents in hardcopy (Courier 10-point font), on diskette, or by e-mail. Acceptable electronic formats for text are ASCII, WordPerfect, AmiPro, DisplayWrite, MS Word, MultiMate, Office Writer, WordStar, or Xywrite. Send graphics documents in Corel Draw, Harvard Graphics, Freelance, .TIF (TIFF), .GIF (CompuServe), .WMF (Windows Metafile), .EPS (Encapsulated Postscript), or .CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile). The preferred font for graphics files is Helvetica. If possible, convert Macintosh files into one of the suggested formats. Submit photographs in camera-ready hardcopy. Send all manuscripts and correspondence to the Editor, Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333,USA, or by e-mail on the Internet to eideditor@cidod1.em.cdc.gov. ----- CONTENTS, EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, VOL. 1, NO. 2 Perspective Travel and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Mary E. Wilson Synopsis Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7: Novel Vehicles of Infection and Emergence of Phenotypic Variants, Peter Feng Dispatches Epidemic-Associated Neisseria meningitidis Detected by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis, Michael W. Reeves, Bradley A. Perkins, and Jay D. Wenger Dengue/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: The Emergence of a Global Health Problem, Duane J. Gubler and Gary G. Clark Progress Toward the Eradication of Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): 1994, Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben, Donald R. Hopkins, Trenton K. Ruebush, and Robert L. Kaiser Letters Heat-Stable Enterotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O169:H41 in Japan, Yoshikazu Nishikawa, Masaki Hanaoka, Jun Ogasawara, Nelson P. Moyer, and Teruo Kimura The GAP Project in Southeastern Turkey: The Potential for Emergence of Diseases, Serap Aksoy, Sedat Ariturk, Martine Y.X. Armstrong Commentary Action Plan for Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Martin S. Cetron, Daniel B. Jernigan, Robert F. Breiman, and the DRSP Working Group News and Notes WHONET: An Information System for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance, Thomas F. O'Brien and John M. Stelling Recommendations for Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis Threat Addressed, Daniel G. Colley