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APT HOWTO
2 - ±âº» ¼³Á¤


2.1 /etc/apt/sources.list ÆÄÀÏ

ÀÛ¾÷°úÁ¤ÀÇ ÀϺημ­ APT´Â ¾î¶² ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿Ã 'sources'°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº /etc/apt/sources.listÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ Ç׸ñµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù:

     deb http://site.http.org/debian distribution section1 section2 section3
     deb-src http://site.http.org/debian distribution section1 section2 section3

À§ÀÇ Ç׸ñµéÀº °¡»óÀÇ °ÍÀÌ°í »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. °¢ ¶óÀÎÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ´Ü¾î´Â deb³ª deb-src´Â ¾ÆÄ«À̺êÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÀǹÌÇϴµ¥: ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ£¤Ó ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â debÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹Ì¸® ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ ÆÐŰÁöµéÀ̰í deb-src¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÇÁ ÆÐŰÁö´Â ¿øº» ¼Ò½º¿¡ µ¥ºñ¾È Á¦¾îÆÄÀÏ(.dsc)°ú ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» µ¥ºñ¾ÈÈ­ ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ¥ºñ¾È changes ÆÄÀÏÀÎ diff.gz¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

´ë°³´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ sources.list¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î µé¾îÀÖ´Ù:

     # See sources.list(5) for more information, especialy
     # Remember that you can only use http, ftp or file URIs
     # CDROMs are managed through the apt-cdrom tool.
     deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
     deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
     deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free
     
     # Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work
     #deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
     #deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free

±âº» µ¥ºñ¾È ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëµéÀÌ´Ù. ù¹øÂ° deb´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÄ«À̺긦 °¡¸®Å°°í µÎ¹øÂ°´Â non-US ¾ÆÄ«À̺êÀÌ°í ¼¼¹øÂ°´Â µ¥ºñ¾È º¸¾È ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸· µÎ°³ÀÇ ¶óÀÎÀº #À¸·Î ÁÖ¼®Ã³¸® µÇ¾î Àִµ¥ apt-getÀº À̸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â deb-srcÀε¥ µ¥ºñ¾È ¼Ò½º ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Å×½ºÆÃÀ̳ª ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇÏ·Á¸é ÁÖ¼®À» ¾ø¾ÖÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.

/etc/apt/sources.list ÆÄÀÏÀº ¸î°³ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¶óÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. APT´Â http, ftp, file(·ÎÄà ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®µÈ ISO9660 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮)¿Í sshÀÇ ¾ÆÄ«À̺긦 ÀνÄÇÏ°í ´Ù·é´Ù.

/etc/apt/sources.list ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¯°æÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ apt-get update¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó. ÀÌ·¯¸é ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ Á¤ÇÑ Sources°¡ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­ APT°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


2.2 ·ÎÄÿ¡¼­ APT »ç¿ëÇϱâ

¶§·Î´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ APT¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº .deb ÆÐŰÁöµéÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÇØ°áµÇ¾î ¼³Ä¡µÇ°Ô ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé°í .deb¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡ ³Ö±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù:

     mkdir /root/debs

override ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀúÀå¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇØ ÆÐŰÁöÀÇ control ÆÄÀÏÀ§¿¡¼­ Á¤ÇØÁø Á¤ÀǸ¦ º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀϾȿ¡´Â ÆÐŰÁö¿Í ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿É¼ÇÀ» Áߺ¹ÇÏ¿© µ¤¾î¾²´Â ¸î°¡Áö ¿É¼ÇµéÀ» Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:

     package priority section

ÆÐŰÁö´Â ÆÐŰÁö À̸§ÀÌ°í ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§´Â low, mediumÀ̳ª highÀÌ°í ¼½¼ÇÀº ÀÌ ÆÐŰÁö°¡ ¼ÓÇÒ ¼½¼ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºñ¾îµÎ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏ À̸§ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À̸¦ ÀÎÀڷμ­ dpkg-scanpackagesÀ» À§ÇØ ³ªÁß¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ overrideÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é dpkg-scanpackages¸¦ ºÎ¸¦ ¶§, /dev/null¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

/root µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÇÒÀÏÀº:

     dpkg-scanpackages debs file | gzip > debs/Packages.gz

À§¿¡¼­ fileÀº overrideÀÌ°í ¸í·ÉÀº debs/Packages.gz¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí À־ APT°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù:

     deb file:/root debs/

ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ APT ¸í·ÉÀ» Æò»ó½Ã¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò½º ÀúÀå¼Ò¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ°í À̸¦ Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» Çϴµ¥ .orig.tar.gz¿Í .dsc, .diff.gz¸¦ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³Ö°í Packages.gz´ë½Å Sources.gz¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µµ ´Ù¸£´Ù: dpkg-scansources. ¸í·ÉÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:

     dpkg-scansources debs | gzip > debs/Sources.gz

dpkg-scansources´Â overrride ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù. sources.list´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:

     deb-src file:/root debs/

2.3 ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹Ì·¯°¡ sources.list¿¡ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °÷ÀÎÁö ¼±ÅÃÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº: netselect, netselect-apt

»õ·Î¿î »ç¿ëÀÚµé ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº: "¾î¶°ÇÑ µ¥ºñ¾È ¹Ì·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼­ sources.list¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½Ãų±î"ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹Ì·¯¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¸î°³ÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ping ½Ã°£À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ À̸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: netselect.

netselect¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:

     apt-get install netselect

ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅͰ¡ ¾øÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é µµ¿ò¸»À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °ø¹éÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÈ È£½ºÆ®(¹Ì·¯)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ½ÇÇàÇϸ鼭 Á¡¼ö¿Í È£½ºÆ® Çϳª¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¡¼ö´Â ÃøÁ¤µÈ ping ½Ã°£À̸ç hops(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Äõ¸®°¡ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµÂøÇϸ鼭 Áö³ª°¡´Â È£½ºÆ®)ÀÇ °³¼ö¿Í ÃøÁ¤µÈ ´Ù¿î·Îµå ¼Óµµ(´õ ³·À»¼ö·Ï ´õ ³´´Ù)¿¡ ¹Ýºñ·ÊÇÑ´Ù. µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â È£½ºÆ®´Â ´õ ³·Àº Á¡¼ö¸¦ °®°Ô µÈ´Ù(Á¡¼öÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸®½ºÆ®´Â -vv ¿É¼ÇÀ» Ãß°¡Çϸé ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù). ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ º¸¸é:

     bash$ netselect ftp.debian.org http.us.debian.org ftp.at.debian.org download.unesp.br ftp.debian.org.br
       365 ftp.debian.org.br
     bash$

ÀÌ Àǹ̴ netselect¿¡ ÆÄ¶ó¸ÞŸ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹Ì·¯·ÎºÎÅÍ ftp.debian.org.br°¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ´Ù°í ³ª¿Ô°í Á¡¼ö´Â 365¿´´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ! ÀÌ´Â ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »óȲÀº Á¢±Ù ÁöÁ¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ÀÌ °ªÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­µµ Ç×»ó °°Àº °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)

Áö±ÝÀº /etc/apt/sources.list¿¡ netselect¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡Àå ºü¸¥ ¹Ì·¯¸¦ ³Ö°í (/etc/apt/sources.list ÆÄÀÏ, 2.1 Âü°í) ÆÐŰÁö °ü¸®Çϱâ, 3¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÁÀ» µû¸¥´Ù.

Âü°í: ¹Ì·¯ÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®´Â Ç×»óhttp://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

0.3 ¹öÁ¯À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇß´ø netselect ÆÐŰÁö´Â netselect-apt¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ°í ÀÌ´Â À§ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ÀÚµ¿È­ ½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù. ÆÄ¶ó¸ÞŸ·Î µð½ºÆ®¸®ºä¼Ç Æ®¸®¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϰí(±âº»Àº ¾ÈÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù) sources.list ÆÄÀÏÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº main°ú non-US ¹Ì·¯°¡ »ý±â°í ÇöÀçÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀúÀåµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ µð½ºÆ®¸®ºä¼ÇÀÇ sources.list¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù:

     bash$ ls sources.list
     ls: sources.list: File or directory not found
     bash$ netselect-apt stable
     (...)
     bash$ ls -l sources.list
     sources.list
     bash$

±â¾ïÇÒ °Í: sources.list ÆÄÀÏÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ »ý±â°í ¹Ýµå½Ã /etc/apt·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÆÐŰÁö °ü¸®Çϱâ, 3¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Â ÆÁÀ» µû¸£¸é µÈ´Ù.


2.4 CD-ROMÀ» sources.list¿¡ Ãß°¡Çϱâ

¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ CD-ROMÀ» ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇϰųª ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î APT¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» sources.listÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â apt-cdrom¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:

     apt-cdrom add

µå¶óÀ̺꿡 µ¥ºñ¾È CD-ROMÀ» ³Ö°í ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â CD-ROMÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®Çϰí Á¦´ë·Î µÈ CD-ROMÀÌ¸é µð½ºÅ©³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÐŰÁö Á¤º¸¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. CD-ROM ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ´Ù¼Ò ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÌ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:

     -h           - program help
     -d directory - CD-ROM mount point
     -r           - Rename a recognized CD-ROM
     -m           - No mounting
     -f           - Fast mode, don't check package files
     -a           - Thorough scan mode

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î:

     apt-cdrom -d /home/kov/mycdrom add

¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í CD-ROMÀ» ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:

     apt-cdrom ident

ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº CD-ROMÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/fstab¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù.


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APT HOWTO

1.8.2 - 2002³â 11¿ù November 2002

Gustavo Noronha Silva kov@debian.org
Çѱ¹¾î ¹ø¿ª: ¾çÀ¯¼º yooseong@debian.org