Chroot
environment for SSH
Creating a restricted environment for SSH
is a tough job due to
its dependencies and the fact that, unlike other servers, SSH
provides a remote shell to users. Thus, you will also have to consider the
applications users will be allowed to use in the environment. If you create
this file structure in, for example /var/chroot/ssh
, you could
start the ssh
server chroot
'ed with this command:
# chroot /var/chroot/ssh /sbin/sshd -f /etc/sshd_config
You can easily create a restricted environment with the makejail
package, since it automatically takes care of tracing the server daemon (with
strace
), and makes it run under the restricted environment.
The advantage of programs that automatically generate chroot
environments is that they are capable of copying any package to the
chroot
environment (even following the package's dependencies and
making sure it's complete). Thus, providing user applications is easier.
To set up the environment using makejail
's provided examples, just
use the command:
# makejail /usr/share/doc/makejail/examples/sshd.py
Read the sample file to see what other changes need to be made to the
environment. Some of these changes, such as copying user's home directories,
cannot be done automatically. Also, limit the exposure of sensitive
information by only copying the data from a given number of users from the
files /etc/shadow
or /etc/group
.
The following sample environment has been (slightly) tested and is built with
the configuration file provided in the package and includes the
fileutils
package:
. |-- bin | |-- ash | |-- bash | |-- chgrp | |-- chmod | |-- chown | |-- cp | |-- csh -> /etc/alternatives/csh | |-- dd | |-- df | |-- dir | |-- fdflush | |-- ksh | |-- ln | |-- ls | |-- mkdir | |-- mknod | |-- mv | |-- rbash -> bash | |-- rm | |-- rmdir | |-- sh -> bash | |-- sync | |-- tcsh | |-- touch | |-- vdir | |-- zsh -> /etc/alternatives/zsh | `-- zsh4 |-- dev | |-- null | |-- ptmx | |-- pts | |-- ptya0 (...) | |-- tty | |-- tty0 (...) | `-- urandom |-- etc | |-- alternatives | | |-- csh -> /bin/tcsh | | `-- zsh -> /bin/zsh4 | |-- environment | |-- hosts | |-- hosts.allow | |-- hosts.deny | |-- ld.so.conf | |-- localtime -> /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Madrid | |-- motd | |-- nsswitch.conf | |-- pam.conf | |-- pam.d | | |-- other | | `-- ssh | |-- passwd | |-- resolv.conf | |-- security | | |-- access.conf | | |-- chroot.conf | | |-- group.conf | | |-- limits.conf | | |-- pam_env.conf | | `-- time.conf | |-- shadow | |-- shells | `-- ssh | |-- moduli | |-- ssh_host_dsa_key | |-- ssh_host_dsa_key.pub | |-- ssh_host_rsa_key | |-- ssh_host_rsa_key.pub | `-- sshd_config |-- home | `-- userX |-- lib | |-- ld-2.2.5.so | |-- ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.2.5.so | |-- libc-2.2.5.so | |-- libc.so.6 -> libc-2.2.5.so | |-- libcap.so.1 -> libcap.so.1.10 | |-- libcap.so.1.10 | |-- libcrypt-2.2.5.so | |-- libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.2.5.so | |-- libdl-2.2.5.so | |-- libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.2.5.so | |-- libm-2.2.5.so | |-- libm.so.6 -> libm-2.2.5.so | |-- libncurses.so.5 -> libncurses.so.5.2 | |-- libncurses.so.5.2 | |-- libnsl-2.2.5.so | |-- libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_compat-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_compat.so.2 -> libnss_compat-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_db-2.2.so | |-- libnss_db.so.2 -> libnss_db-2.2.so | |-- libnss_dns-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_dns.so.2 -> libnss_dns-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_files-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_hesiod-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_hesiod.so.2 -> libnss_hesiod-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_nis-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_nis.so.2 -> libnss_nis-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_nisplus-2.2.5.so | |-- libnss_nisplus.so.2 -> libnss_nisplus-2.2.5.so | |-- libpam.so.0 -> libpam.so.0.72 | |-- libpam.so.0.72 | |-- libpthread-0.9.so | |-- libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-0.9.so | |-- libresolv-2.2.5.so | |-- libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.2.5.so | |-- librt-2.2.5.so | |-- librt.so.1 -> librt-2.2.5.so | |-- libutil-2.2.5.so | |-- libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.2.5.so | |-- libwrap.so.0 -> libwrap.so.0.7.6 | |-- libwrap.so.0.7.6 | `-- security | |-- pam_access.so | |-- pam_chroot.so | |-- pam_deny.so | |-- pam_env.so | |-- pam_filter.so | |-- pam_ftp.so | |-- pam_group.so | |-- pam_issue.so | |-- pam_lastlog.so | |-- pam_limits.so | |-- pam_listfile.so | |-- pam_mail.so | |-- pam_mkhomedir.so | |-- pam_motd.so | |-- pam_nologin.so | |-- pam_permit.so | |-- pam_rhosts_auth.so | |-- pam_rootok.so | |-- pam_securetty.so | |-- pam_shells.so | |-- pam_stress.so | |-- pam_tally.so | |-- pam_time.so | |-- pam_unix.so | |-- pam_unix_acct.so -> pam_unix.so | |-- pam_unix_auth.so -> pam_unix.so | |-- pam_unix_passwd.so -> pam_unix.so | |-- pam_unix_session.so -> pam_unix.so | |-- pam_userdb.so | |-- pam_warn.so | `-- pam_wheel.so |-- sbin | `-- start-stop-daemon |-- usr | |-- bin | | |-- dircolors | | |-- du | | |-- install | | |-- link | | |-- mkfifo | | |-- shred | | |-- touch -> /bin/touch | | `-- unlink | |-- lib | | |-- libcrypto.so.0.9.6 | | |-- libdb3.so.3 -> libdb3.so.3.0.2 | | |-- libdb3.so.3.0.2 | | |-- libz.so.1 -> libz.so.1.1.4 | | `-- libz.so.1.1.4 | |-- sbin | | `-- sshd | `-- share | |-- locale | | `-- es | | |-- LC_MESSAGES | | | |-- fileutils.mo | | | |-- libc.mo | | | `-- sh-utils.mo | | `-- LC_TIME -> LC_MESSAGES | `-- zoneinfo | `-- Europe | `-- Madrid `-- var `-- run |-- sshd `-- sshd.pid 27 directories, 733 files
Manuel de sécurisation de Debian
2.95 31 mayo 2004Vendredi 4 juillet 2003 23:13:42 +0100jfs@computer.org